A Systematic Review of Aquaculture Wastewater Treatment Technologies: Contaminations, Effects and Treatment Techniques

Abstract

Aquaculture (AC) is the primary solution to global food scarcity. With the rise in world population, the need for AC escalates. The growth in fish feed, pharmaceuticals, substances, and the metabolic waste or deaths of aquatic species ultimately leads to the generation of substantial AC effluent. AC discharges comprise many pollutants, including conventional contaminants, organic substances, toxic metals, and biological chemicals, resulting in occupational dangers, food security concerns, and environmental damage. Adequate Wastewater (WW) treatment techniques are essential for eliminating dangerous contaminants to mitigate environmental and human safety effects. In circulating AC facilities, various natural and physical processes have been employed to eliminate impurities from AC-WW; their efficacy in pollutant removal necessitates further enhancement to attain zero-waste release and promote viable AC growth. Effective regulation must be instituted to guarantee the proper functioning of the AC sectors and the compliant discharge of effluent. This review seeks to furnish exhaustive data on AC-WW for academics and encourage AC's sustainable advancement.